Journal archive
IT management |
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Information economy |
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The paper reveals the essence, features, and characteristics of the information economy.
The tendencies toward transformation in the economic development within industrial enterprises
in the area of information and communication are demonstrated on the basis of this analysis.
The specific features of the current state of industrial development in Russia are shown and the
role of institutions in enabling innovative activity by enterprises in the real sector of the economy
is described. Tools are proposed for the information economy, permitting the elimination of
current limitations and enabling the functions of institutions of innovative industrial development
in the conditions of considerable regional variation. Particular attention is paid to the potential
for electronic government in the industrial development of the economy.
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Virtual reality |
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The article suggests an approach for complex analysis of the processes of appearance and application
of metaphors in the introduction of new technologies. A metaphor is a generalized image of a phenomenon
that reflects its basic features. This concept is not yet quite consciously used for the complex
description of information technology. Metaphor is an indispensable element in the process of constructing
a new phenomenon, allowing one to combine the views of parties interested in information
technologies: end users, the state, business, science, technology makers. Metaphors allow to think out
and develop specific representations of interested persons about an object of interest. This is understandable
for the basis of the semantic «skeleton», the concept of the phenomenon. Successful metaphors
are assimilated by all stakeholders and become drivers for the development of technologies and
the entire infrastructure of society. The purpose of the metaphor is a holistic and understandable display
of phenomena. This is the center of crystallization of the system of meanings of society in the direction
of technological development. From this point of view metaphors are considered digitalization,
digital economy, IoT, Industry 4.0 and others. Areas for a comprehensive study of metaphors, possible
approaches to formalizing the description of their content. In general, metaphors set the direction of
development of modern society, helps to form mechanisms for effective management. It is a tool for
constructing and introducing new needs, a universal tool for a clear understanding of changing reality.
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Quality management |
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To improve the quality information support for state management, a lot of specially integrated information
systems are being developed to the control of the Russian Federation specific departments
and ministries. This systems purpose is complex automation of all levels activities of government and
providing information interaction with each other and external objects.
The research urgency is due to the complexity of state information systems performance, the increasing
necessity in data reliability, the widening range of audits carried out to ensure control at all stages of the data flow.
This is especially true of data coming from different sources that have an ambiguous degree of verification.
Note that the developed system is constantly expanding, in the new services forms and mobile
versions. This process is aimed at increasing level of data openness, their availability to the population
and processes transparency for obtaining them.
Conducting an analytical study of the use of various parameters for state information systems data
quality assessment will allow us to identify proposals for data quality control. In this article, author
presents the parameters to specify the data quality in Ishikawa diagram, and the aspects formalization
of state information systems data quality assurance processes. Recommendations have been given
for further usage by system analysts, IT specialists in the development of complex information systems.
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IT and education |
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Educational environment |
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According to grouth of Coursera popularity in Russia it’s interesting to analyse the educational
methods used on the platform. In 2016 the grouth was more than 50% thanks to globalization. So the
courses placed on Coursera are now competititors of Russian courses and Russian educational providers
need to study good practice.
An important specificity of Coursera courses is their adult orientation. That means students motivation
for learning, their life experience and time management skills. So educational methods have
preconditions for use and sometimes couldn’t be applicable.
Organization of learning process as a hierarchy «specializations — courses — weeks» is not a standard
approach in Russia and it could require to adapt existing learning programs.
So, key leaning methods and techniques that could be good practice are:
Executed assignment as public portfolio could grow leaning motivation and responsibility of a student;
surely this method assumes to change assignments systematically;
Рееr assesement is an interesting method that force a student to see other ways of task decisions
and to get informative feedback without a teacher;
Interactive simulators could rapidly accelerate learning process especially with several levels of
hints for a student.
As a remark we don’t recommend to implement all the methods without adaptation. Perhaps,
Coursera courses originally intended to be autonomous but teacher involvement could be value-added
for a student.
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The article confirms that the leading world-class universities focus special attention on the
use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in their educational and research
activities. Multifunctional and effective use of ICT is perceived by the world-class universities
as a major factor which provides their global competitiveness. The leading Russian universities
in their development programs also pay special attention to this problem. The article presents
an attempt to analyze, think over and single out the principal qualities of the world-class leading
universities in terms of the ICT use in education and the peculiar features of their educational
systems. The J. Salmi1 model is used as the analyses’ basis which describes the interrelation
of the factors providing global competitiveness and successful functioning of the leading
world-class universities. The conclusion is that the key factors of provision for the university
competitiveness in terms of strategic development are the modern information and communication
technologies as well as the educational resources created with the use of the ICT and the
innovational education system answering the demands of the digital future.
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Software engineering |
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Models and althorithms |
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The article discusses the prospects of creation of systems of automatic control of UAVS implement
the computer vision. Describes the method of using computer vision is aimed at improving the accuracy
of measurements of deviations from the flight path of the UAV and providing the ability to automatically
generate photomontages in real time during the aerial. Check this method for performance
and assessment of its methodological error.
If necessary, create photomontages on a large scale, aerial photographs have to at low altitude or
when a large focal length of the lens. The required values of the overlapping frames is reduced so that
the navigation equipment of UAV are no longer able to provide the specified route of flight within the
required tolerances. As a result, the photomontage may be gaps.
To address this problem, a method was developed that implements the possibility to build automatic
control system for UAVS. This method allows to increase the accuracy of determining deviations from
the flight path of the UAV and provides automatic generation of photomontages in real time. This gives
you the ability to carry out aerial works at low altitudes and create photomontages on a large scale in
compliance with the required overlapping frames.
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Simulation |
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Theory and practice |
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The article describes a variant of the linear railway station model of (which contains two main and
two secondary path) on double-track railway section. A common problem is to find modeling evaluation
of mathematical expectation indicator simulation system at in real time. Simulation model created
by AnyLogic Personal Learning Edition allows to simulate the basic status of the railway station,
of external influence exerted by means of destruction of likely enemy. The proposed structure of
a model allows to reproduce the logic of functioning railway station, having it ways located on double-
track railway section. When it operates in conditions of exposure to the enemy, it will be actually
modeled the finding each station way in one of the possible state.
The time spent of the station track in one of the conditions and the order of their modification depends
on:
• the number of destination station which sets for each train if the number of the station matches number of simulated station; • the type of the trailing load (practically it reflects the time of execution loading-unloading operations); • the intensity of defeating means impacting on the enemy expressed in amount of impacts, amount of destruction means used within one action, amount of explosive material in singular destruction mean of trinitrotoluene (TNT) equivalent; • the recovery time of working capacity railway tracks in case of damage by enemy’s destruction means. |
Actor modeling |
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Genetic algorithms are used in various forms to solve scientific and technical problems. They are
used to create computational structures. In machine learning, they are used in the design of neural networks
or in the control of robots. They are also used to model development in different subject areas,
including social, economic and political systems. It is possible and heuristic-mathematical application
of genetic algorithms for multiparameter functions optimization. Most real problems can be formulated
as the search for the optimal value, where such a value is a complex function, depending on
certain input parameters. In cases where the exact optimum is not needed, a solution can be any value
that is better than a given value. Then the genetic algorithm is an acceptable method for finding «acceptable
» values.
The strength of the genetic algorithm lies in its ability to manipulate many parameters simultaneously;
this is used in different projects, including even aircraft design. However, the formal, purely
mathematical application of such algorithms, without taking into account time characteristics, dynamics
and other features of real processes, where they are applied, can either not give a rational effect,
or lead to an erroneous decision. One of the ways of linking the appropriate models of decision support
to dynamics is a complex modeling of the studied processes on the basis of simulation modeling
using genetically-based algorithms.
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Teacher’s portfolio |
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Mathematical models in economy |
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The implementation of a table-modeling queuing system is based on the algorithm of the simulated
system functions without writing the programs code. This was developed by algorithmic models in
Microsoft Excel based on the principle of «programming without programming». The simulation algorithm
consists of the queuing system changing steps with discreteness in time, and the new state —
which the system moves to the next step — is determined by its state in the previous step. Thus, step
by step, the state of the queuing system is simulated, which in turn simulates the process functions of
the queuing system. When constructing a queuing system table model, only the minimum information
necessary is used for solving the problem, which transforms into intermediate results. This is necessary
and sufficient to obtain the result. In this paper, we prove the possibility of using spreadsheets
as a convenient and effective simulation environment for a class of systems that represent a random
process, with discrete states and continuous time. The use of the presented table models in the educational
process increase in effectiveness, as it allows demonstrating visual results of the functioning
of dynamic systems and processes. It provides ample opportunities for conducting model experiments
and visual representation of simulation results. The developed table models of computational
algorithms can be used in a practical computerized practical set of disciplines, in which questions of
queuing theory are touched upon.
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Point of view |
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Methodology of science |
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The article formulates the foundations of the transition from research and simulation of intelligent
behavior subject to research and modelling of natural intelligence. The basic provisions for such a transition
are contained in the translation studies research areas artificial intelligence in science positions.
A priori is not ambiguous interpretation of «objectively separate entity, objectively initiated by typing»
and ‘objective order of several entities». These (interpreted) concepts used in the article in the interpretation
of concepts: «objectively separate processing operation knowledge», «objective-initiated typing
of operations (formation of species) treatment of knowledge,» «objective ordering of many types
of knowledge processing», «feature of epistemological models» and «objectively allocated to a class
of models of knowledge.» This shows the existence and possibility of identifying objective characteristics
proposed for modeling natural intelligence and epistemological models (components of natural
intelligence). The article also shows that the structured network, in computer models of knowledge can
not be implemented other than using a pre-typed nodes and links. In case of formation of link types and
node types for computer models of the knowledge to be used exclusively objectivism. Convincingly
shown that the possibility of implementing a specific set of characteristics forms epistemological model,
in computer models of knowledge, corresponds to the correlation of these models is objectively allocated
to a particular class. In other words, the knowledge of different classes can and should be implemented
vary in their lists of link types and node types. A selection of link types and node types for models
of knowledge should be performed solely for the purpose of implementing specific functions, specific
a lot of which is one or the other, but the specific operation processing of knowledge.
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