Authors
Novikov A.
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Degree
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PhD in Technique, Department of Education of the city of Mоscow |
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E-mail
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alpnovikov@yandex.ru |
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Location
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Moscow |
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Articles
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The practical significance of results of researches in the scientific direction «Artificial Intelligence»The article describes the main characteristics of the scientific direction «artificial intelligence» and considered them the values that define this research area. Some ways to clarify and formalize the boundaries of scientific research directions are suggested. Formulated conclusions, which, according to the authors, restrict the flow of scientific research in this direction.
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The integration of research results in the scientific direction «Artificial intelligence»The paper identifies the basics and features the «integration» technology that should be encouraged to organize to organize scientific research in the direction of «artificial intelligence». The necessity of this integration technology is justified. The recommendations are based on the fact that the integration should guide and lead to the creation of algorithmic models Read more...The organization of the multiorientation of hierarchical lifting (descent) and location on structure of non-uniform knowledgeIn this article the features of non-uniform knowledge reflected in construction of models in the field of an artificial intellect are considered, and the description of the mechanism of a location on their structure is offered. It allows to express further work of the corresponding mechanism of a logic conclusion at program level.
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The organization of the multiorientation of hierarchical lifting (descent) and location on structure of non-uniform knowledgeIn this article the features of non‑uniform knowledge reflected in construction of models in the field of an artificial intellect are considered, and the description of the mechanism of a location on their structure is offered. It allows to express further work of the corresponding mechanism of a logic conclusion at program level.
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Generating mechanisms in architecture of software system shellIn article the new view on positioning of the theory of creation of systems of situational management as the artificial intelligence one of directions possess mechanisms of generation are describ. The foreshortening of an offer sight allowing to reveal the problems which decision made development of this theory with possibility of creation of program systems of new type.
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Architecture of covers of program systems with generat mechanismsIn article the new view on positioning of the theory of creation of systems of situational management as the artificial intelligence one of directions possess mechanisms of generation are described. The foreshortening of an offer sight allowing to reveal the problems which decision made develop- ment of this theory with possibility of creation of program systems of new type.
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Characteristic of architect program systems called Life-imitating machinesThis article is devoted to a problem of formation of criteria for allocation from a set of the program
systems of the life imitating machines, which are received as result of modeling of intellect, but not
intellectual behavior of the subject. The main attention is paid to that fact that not all characteristics of
live essence but only some (not less than one) have to be inherent in the life imitating machine. And
also we can easily distinguish live essence not only from a stone, but also from the lifeless machine
gun. The variant of the architect program systems is revealed, which are reasonably classified in the
status of results of modeling of several sides multilaterally interpreted intellect of the subject. In article
the example of improvement of concrete program system on giving of the characteristics corresponding
to the status of the life imitating machine to it figures prominently. Thereby reader can form unambiguity
for distinction of processes of intellectual modeling and intellectual behavior of the subject.
Also it is noted that the lack of accurate distinction of components of triune essence (subject,
its intellect and intellectual behavior) completely brought out now questions of intellectual modeling
from the area of researches. Scale of a problem of research and intellectual modeling, its relevance,
the theoretical and practical importance are shown. It is emphasized that a long-term demand of the
solution of questions of research and intellectual modeling in a combination to complexity of their
decision led to conscious or unconscious substitution in scientific literature of the concept «modeling
of intellect» by the concept «modeling of intellectual behavior». Some standard cases in which
program systems obviously are in a false manner declared in the status of the imitating machines
are given in the conclusion.
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Initial identification in technology of informational search (part 1)
This article is devoted to a problem of creation of the program systems (PS) organizing the information
search (IS), and providing high rates of efficiency for the mass user (not the expert in the field of informational
technologies). Researches weren’t limited by the review of achievements in practice of creation
PS_IS, and also in the corresponding scientific and engineering disciplines. The subject of researches
is the process of achievement of mutual understanding in communication between two subjects. Such
researches completely correspond to the character of researches in the scientific direction of artificial
intellect. It points out the essence which allocates from the process of communication between subjects,
and it is explained the concept corresponding to it and it is offered to call «initial identification». Consideration
of process of initial identification allowed to reveal the main contradiction in a problem of creation
PS_IS. In the process of communication (and respectively in IS) the subject operates with all known set
of concepts and uses thus as gained recognition (simple or compound) names of concepts, and the
names formed directly in the course of communication. However in a natural language only 83.000 concepts
are called by simple unique names (in a word). Compound names called incomparably more concepts,
they make only insignificant part of concepts with which the subject operates in communication.
Thus, the dominating part of algorithms of II is connected with application of quickly named concepts.
It is shown that process of an operational name is feasible only with use of the model of knowledge
approached to gnoseological model. And it is also specified that after some time in computer
systems emergence of such models of knowledge is possible.
For the new technology of IS the organization of access of each concrete tag of a concrete concept
to its names in base of names is offered. That makes a basis of the organization of base of simple
and compound names. Also other characteristics of the organization of the dictionary at triune
essence are provided.
Such concept as»construction of sentence» is offered for a broad use in scientific practice interpretation
of which corresponds to interpretation of the concept «sense of the sentence» with explanations,
which allow to draw sense from sequence of alphanumeric symbols.
A great place in this work takes consideration of algorithms of formation and recognition of sentences
(that is II). Many situations of II suspension are revealed and described. It is noted that completeness
of such situations, and also algorithms of permission of the concrete situations and scenarios
of interactive interaction providing finishing II up to the end make the essence of works on
formation of the specification on design of PS realizing new technology of IS.
In conclusion it is pointed out that the declared subject due to its scale can’t be opened in one article
in details (scrupulously) to conform to requirements to the specification on creation of II. It is important that
the complete picture of new technology of IS is given in article and feasibility of such technology is shown.
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Initial identification in technology of informational searchThis article is devoted to a problem of creation of the program systems (PS) organizing the information
search (IS), and providing high rates of efficiency for the mass user (not the expert in the field of
informational technologies). Researches weren’t limited by the review of achievements in practice of
creation PS_IS, and also in the corresponding scientific and engineering disciplines. The subject of researches
is the process of achievement of mutual understanding in communication between two subjects.
Such researches completely correspond to the character of researches in the scientific direction of artificial
intellect. It points out the essence which allocates from the process of communication between subjects,
and it is explained the concept corresponding to it and it is offered to call «initial identification».
Consideration of process of initial identification allowed to reveal the main contradiction in a problem
of creation PS_IS. In the process of communication (and respectively in IS) the subject operates with all
known set of concepts and uses thus as gained recognition (simple or compound) names of concepts, and
the names formed directly in the course of communication. However in a natural language only 83.000
concepts are called by simple unique names (in a word). Compound names called incomparably more
concepts, they make only insignificant part of concepts with which the subject operates in communication.
Thus, the dominating part of algorithms of II is connected with application of quickly named concepts.
It is shown that process of an operational name is feasible only with use of the model of knowledge
approached to gnoseological model. And it is also specified that after some time in computer systems
emergence of such models of knowledge is possible.
For the new technology of IS the organization of access of each concrete tag of a concrete concept
to its names in base of names is offered. That makes a basis of the organization of base of simple
and compound names. Also other characteristics of the organization of the dictionary at triune essence
are provided.
Such concept as»construction of sentence» is offered for a broad use in scientific practice interpretation
of which corresponds to interpretation of the concept «sense of the sentence» with explanations,
which allow to draw sense from sequence of alphanumeric symbols.
A great place in this work takes consideration of algorithms of formation and recognition of sentences
(that is II). Many situations of II suspension are revealed and described. It is noted that completeness
of such situations, and also algorithms of permission of the concrete situations and scenarios
of interactive interaction providing finishing II up to the end make the essence of works on formation
of the specification on design of PS realizing new technology of IS.
In conclusion it is pointed out that the declared subject due to its scale can’t be opened in one article in
details (scrupulously) to conform to requirements to the specification on creation of II. It is important that
the complete picture of new technology of IS is given in article and feasibility of such technology is shown.
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Problem definition of representation of knowledges in computer systemsIn article it is offered to divide a set of the problems of representation of knowledge (PRK) in computer
systems into the tasks which are put forward to the decision from knowledge engineers and the
tasks which are put forward from developers of covers of the systems founded on knowledge (SFK).
Then for the researches of PRK which are put forward from developers of covers of PRK systematization
is offered and realized. Isolation of the selected researches to the scientific direction (SD) is applied
to systematization. That is, the main characteristics of new SD are created and formalized: object,
subject, purpose, methods and research problems. For each characteristic the definition is formulated.
At the identification and the description of methods of researches of new SD it wasn’t succeeded to
reach necessary specification. However consideration in article of the concrete practical works which
are already executed within new SD allows successfully (but intuitively) to realize the applied methods
of researches. The isolation of SD is executed and described in the article «Representation of
knowledges in computer systems» can and has to become the activator of conscious and purposeful
researches on creation of sound theoretical basis for the solution of PRK.
The material statement in the article is constructed in the form of dialogue with the opponent. And
versatility of consideration of a problem on article subject is provided to these. The opponent chose
some earlier not studied essence, corresponding it is offered to them to call concept «the virtual admirer
». On each of the stream of sophisms which is put forward by the virtual admirer in the article
the explanations opening purposely wrong selection of starting positions are given.
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The impermissibility to section knowledge research out of the research on artificial intellect
Article is focused to disclose not feasibility of the systematic highly effective not slowed down advance
to creation of the artificial intelligence (AI) if researches are conducted by highly specialized
researchers in the AI scientific direction (SD_AI) and in NN «representation of knowledge in computer
systems» (SD_RKinCS), not obliged and not persons interested to burden itself with problems
of tandem NN. For НН_ИИ the escalating level of intensity of researches and scale of achievements
of theoretical character is characteristic. At the same time the regularity of almost significant results
of researches leaves to wish bigger. In article of the first on the importance and the removed cause of
current situation mutual isolation of a concrete set of researches in НН_ИИ and in SD_RKinCS is
called. Also historical conditionality of this dissociation of two massifs of researches is noted. Then
the possible reasons and conditions of admissibility of division of a set of researches on two or bigger
quantity of the isolated NN are noted. Thereby inadmissibility of division of a concrete set of researches
into two NN is shown: НН_ИИ and SD_RKinCS. Attenuation of initiatives of advance of
researches on the next step as is described from developers of covers of the systems based on knowledge
(SBK) and from developers of concrete SBK. And also the concrete technology of step-by-step,
serial advance of researches is given to two NN. Thereby need and a possibility of association of a set
of researches, now mistakenly isolated is shown. All statements and conclusions in article are executed
in relation to researches on natural-science positions, that is in relation to modeling of natural intelligence
and to modeling of gnoseological model.
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Types of processing and classes of knowledge models in computer systemsThe article formulates the foundations of the transition from research and simulation of intelligent
behavior subject to research and modelling of natural intelligence. The basic provisions for such a transition
are contained in the translation studies research areas artificial intelligence in science positions.
A priori is not ambiguous interpretation of «objectively separate entity, objectively initiated by typing»
and ‘objective order of several entities». These (interpreted) concepts used in the article in the interpretation
of concepts: «objectively separate processing operation knowledge», «objective-initiated typing
of operations (formation of species) treatment of knowledge,» «objective ordering of many types
of knowledge processing», «feature of epistemological models» and «objectively allocated to a class
of models of knowledge.» This shows the existence and possibility of identifying objective characteristics
proposed for modeling natural intelligence and epistemological models (components of natural
intelligence). The article also shows that the structured network, in computer models of knowledge can
not be implemented other than using a pre-typed nodes and links. In case of formation of link types and
node types for computer models of the knowledge to be used exclusively objectivism. Convincingly
shown that the possibility of implementing a specific set of characteristics forms epistemological model,
in computer models of knowledge, corresponds to the correlation of these models is objectively allocated
to a particular class. In other words, the knowledge of different classes can and should be implemented
vary in their lists of link types and node types. A selection of link types and node types for models
of knowledge should be performed solely for the purpose of implementing specific functions, specific
a lot of which is one or the other, but the specific operation processing of knowledge.
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