Authors
Reingold L.
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Degree
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PhD in Technique, LLC DIAVER |
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E-mail
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leonidrein@gmail.com |
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Location
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Moscow |
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Articles
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Open data: problems and solutionsThis article deals with problems and solutions related to open data, which can be used without any legal limitations (owner’s rights, patents, etc.). There is a lot of analytical research of correct definition and reality, advantages and most effective ways of using an open data. In conclusion mentioned the most important questions, related to open data, which will define the effectiveness of future development of information technology.
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Professional standards in the field of IT as a factor in technological and social developmentThe paper discusses the issues associated with the design and development of professional standards
in Russia. Describes the creation of professional standards, the main directions of their development,
practical application, the automation status of this activity. It is noted that in modern society
are changing the main structural components of professional identity — the content of activities, processes,
experience, strategies for professional advancement. «Professional resistance» is replaced
professional mobility. Therefore, the role of professional standards that describe the requirements
for knowledge, skills and specialist skills. In professional standards in the it sector must take into account
peculiarities of this sector is the rapid development, virtuality and the multilevel character of
the objects of it professionals, the presence of other groups of standards affecting the use of information
technology — it standards, educational standards and other Necessary monitoring changes
in the it and timely revision of professional requirements. Requires additional structuring elements of
the content of professional standards. In particular: development of standardized classifications of
skills-based typing of objects and subjects of employment; submission of professional standards in
the form of information modules model characterizing the competence of the specialist, and the use
of the principle of «modularity» of the content of professional standards which allow reuse information
elements, in various professional standards. The content of professional standards will become
more uniform due to the standardization of semantic elements. It will form a «professional vertical
control of the integrating mechanism of the modern state.
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Semantic interoperability in solving financial problems and ways of measuring itThe article discusses issues related to the solution of the problem providing semantic interoperability
in the financial organization. Interoperability is an ability of the joint operation of automated systems
and consists of technical and information. Problems associated with the technical interoperability in
modern IT systems generally are solved. Technical interoperability studies related to problems solution
of performance, reliability, cryptographic data protection, cost optimization and etc. Automated
systems must use the information in compatible manner, in a certain sense, must exist a «same understanding
» the content of the interaction between them. It must be formed common semantic field.
Financial organizations use the semantics to harmonize their data by available government public information
to interact with each other. Automatic integration method is a qualitative development expert
method. One of the important indicators of integration is the proportion of incompatible semantically
mapped information sources. Such an assessment may be obtained in two ways: automatically or
expert. Automatically obtained estimate can be computed by embedding the special algorithms, which
record discrepancies in information (rejected transactions). Another indicator of interoperability is a
number of attributes (tags, facts and etc.) that can be obtained from this information block. Means of
semantic interoperability in demand at all stages of the life cycle of the automated systems. The article
suggests some approaches to quantitative and qualitative assessment of effectiveness of existing
integration technologies. Attempt to understand how quantitative estimates and qualitative aspects of
this phenomenon is made.
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Metaphors of information technology in modern societyThe article suggests an approach for complex analysis of the processes of appearance and application
of metaphors in the introduction of new technologies. A metaphor is a generalized image of a phenomenon
that reflects its basic features. This concept is not yet quite consciously used for the complex
description of information technology. Metaphor is an indispensable element in the process of constructing
a new phenomenon, allowing one to combine the views of parties interested in information
technologies: end users, the state, business, science, technology makers. Metaphors allow to think out
and develop specific representations of interested persons about an object of interest. This is understandable
for the basis of the semantic «skeleton», the concept of the phenomenon. Successful metaphors
are assimilated by all stakeholders and become drivers for the development of technologies and
the entire infrastructure of society. The purpose of the metaphor is a holistic and understandable display
of phenomena. This is the center of crystallization of the system of meanings of society in the direction
of technological development. From this point of view metaphors are considered digitalization,
digital economy, IoT, Industry 4.0 and others. Areas for a comprehensive study of metaphors, possible
approaches to formalizing the description of their content. In general, metaphors set the direction of
development of modern society, helps to form mechanisms for effective management. It is a tool for
constructing and introducing new needs, a universal tool for a clear understanding of changing reality.
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Structuring information for automation-conceptual aspects
The development of information technologies and it infrastructure is radically changing society,
management and public administration. However, there is no clear for all stakeholders common system
of concepts in the field of it, providing mutual understanding between them, a coherent view of the
changes. Therefore, it is necessary to build a basic system of concepts that allows to structure and analyze
the changes in a complex way. The article considers such a system of concepts, including terms:
conditions, object, subject, situation, object activity and others in connection with the trend of virtualization
of the properties of the object environment surrounding a person. This allows us to structure
the technical and socio-economic phenomena described by the metaphors of the Digital economy, the
Internet of things, Industry 4.0 and others. The proposed approach will provide structural completeness
of the description of situations, contribute to the solution of problems of semantic interoperability
and goal-setting. Such an approach can be applied in the process of analyzing the functionality of
information technologies, in the development and support of information technologies throughout the
life cycle, can be a conceptual basis for the development of new information technologies and in the
search for their new applications.
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Information technologies and nature similarity in the development of society's infrastructureDigitalization, which is based on information technology (it), changes all aspects of life. These
changes are superimposed on the previous evolution of man and the natural environment. There is a
critical dependence on technology, which can cause a collapse in society, economy and nature. The
article deals with the issues related to the inclusion of new structural elements in the natural and information
environment. There is a demand for a holistic, from the standpoint of improving the quality
and safety of life, consideration of nature – like solutions: on the one hand – the introduction of
it into the environment changed by technology, and on the other-the possibility of using nature-like
technologies in the implementation and development of it. The metaphor of nature likeness is considered
in relation to these aspects. A system of basic concepts in the context of the use of nature-like
technologies in solving problems of digitalization is proposed. The issues of convergence of technologies
on the example of functions to ensure the safety of subjects, as well as the advantages and limitations
of objects of biological and technological evolution. The classification of security threats in
natural and technical systems in the conditions of digitalization and related issues of goal-setting and
adaptation of society to changes are given. It is noted that for the first time society and nature are connected
by a single information framework based on global public communications and information
processing capabilities. The formation of a universal history for each of the objects reflected in it, together
with new opportunities, generates significant security threats and risks in the human environment
of the object. It is noted that nature-like technologies can help in solving many problems in the
introduction of digital technologies, including in solving the problems of ensuring the safety of activities
in the digital infrastructure.
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