Journal archive
IT business |
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Business information systems |
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Today, more and more managers and IT analysts are beginning to feel the need for an integrated
description and planning for the development of their organization. Enterprise architecture management
creates the basis for synchronization of all objects within the organization and, at the same time,
launches a cycle of their continuous change for the purposes of business optimization, which increasingly
determines the success of the operation of any enterprise as a whole. Within the framework of this
article, the authors present brief results of a study on the development of new approaches (the result of
improved previously developed authors’ approaches) in the construction of an enterprise architecture
model that are examined on examples of web interface, datum and logic models enterprise infrastructure,
including software and organization units. The material of this article can be used in the activities
of IT professionals, system analysts, programmers, web designers, students of the areas of training
«Business Informatics», «Applied Informatics».
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IT management |
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One of the modern procedures, which are recommended to banks for risk assessment, is reverse
stress testing. It is a procedure of building of scenarios, which lead to a specified loss level. Knowledge
of such scenarios allows banks to mitigate the consequences of their implementation.
In the context of credit risk, reverse stress testing makes it possible to identify macroeconomic conditions
leading to a given level of credit portfolio losses. However, the current credit risk assessment
models are not suitable for solving the problems of reverse stress testing. Widely known models do
not take into account the structure of specific companies, do not allow investigating the development
of crisis scenarios in time and need a large sample of data on similar enterprises.
This article is devoted to the construction of system dynamics models of enterprises in commercial
and agricultural sectors of the Russian economy. Research demonstrates the possibility of using
system dynamics models to determine the macroeconomic scenarios, leading to the default of a company.
In system dynamics enterprises are represented by system consisting of constantly interacting
elements and external parameters. The links between system elements express in terms of functions
and differential equations, which specify the dynamics of the model. Thus, the company’s stability in
relation to different macroeconomic scenarios can be considered. The models of investigated enterprises
are implemented in the Insightmaker system.
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Software engineering |
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Network Technologies |
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The transmission of data in multichannel systems with many carriers is implemented in order to increase
the reliability of delivery of data messages. The article is dedicated to the solution of problem
of optimal use of the available frequency band (limitations on power capability of the transmitter and
complexity of the receiver should be taken into account). The construction of the adaptive system,
which can be used for the determination of optimal set of frequencies for data distribution, requires the
usage of cellular neural networks. These networks can be used for the analysis of signal environment
and selection of set of carrier frequencies. Characteristics of cellular networks correspond to principles
of fast tunable transformations, which can be effectively implemented at the hardware level. The reduction
of the number of synaptic connections increases the computational efficiency and makes it
possible to use such networks for processing of high-dimensional data. The article considers the structural
synthesis of the cellular network, which has optical connections between neurons and has a high
efficiency in data processing. The proposed connections can be used as a basis for the construction of
modular intellectual structures, which consist of homogeneous fragments. The neural network learning
is implemented with the help of methods of local learning (with elements of the swarm intelligence).
The presence of 32‑bit microcontroller in every neuron core justifies the use of this strategy (despite
high memory requirements). The proposed modular structure effectively combines the local learning
of neural structures and global learning of the whole network. The evaluation of the obtained set of
frequencies at specific moments of time proved the effectiveness of the use of reconfigurable cellular
neural networks. The structure of such network can be optimized for a specific computational task. The
unitization of the structure allows you to simultaneously construct a large number of networks. Such
approach makes it possible to form a large number of carriers within the predefined frequency band.
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Models and althorithms |
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The paper considers the problem of design of modern light devices based on LED and its optical
systems. The main stage in its development is the calculation and modeling of the optical system.
The results of this process are largely determined by the complex of lighting, thermal and functional
characteristics of light devices. The development of modern LED light devices is inextricably linked
with the use of specialized software. The article describes a mathematical model of the geometry of
an optical system that allows to specify its shape for further design and provides a fast and accurate
lighting calculation. The developed software allows you to build optical surface models, perform ray
tracing and calculate photometric body. The article describes the simulation of LED optical systems
by the example of secondary LED optics. Application and development of specialized software for
the calculation and simulation of light devices significantly facilitates and speeds up the process of
their design. The paper presents a mathematical model developed by the software system, described
in the hierarchical structure of the simulation geometry LED modules and light devices. Light device
in a hierarchical structure represented by the root element of the tree, where the housing, the optical
system, a light source, protective glass, suspension assembly, and others are nodes. The affine transformation
using for the calculate of the absolute position of nodes. The geometry of the nodes is modeled
using triangulation grids.
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In the paper is considered a well-known NP-completed orthogonal packing problem which has
many applications in industry and economics. The orthogonal packing problem is a problem related
with the searching of the optimal placement of a given set of small orthogonal items (objects) into a
set of large orthogonal items (containers). The effective approach to solve NP-completed problems is
application of heuristic methods which provide obtaining of suboptimal decisions. The maximal efficiency
of such will be achieved when delays on packing generation will be minimized. In the paper
is considered a multilevel linked data structure which provides the possibility of fast management of
free spaces into orthogonal containers during the process of filling them with objects. The program
realization of the proposed data structure, which is implemented invariantly on the dimension of the
considered packing problem, makes it universal and applicable for solving of rectangular packing and
orthogonal packing problems of arbitrary dimension. The paper presents results of the carried out computational
experiment. The results demonstrate that the efficiency of proposed data structure increases
with the number of objects and it tends to double the effectiveness of the time compared with the simple
linear linked list. In paper is also given a description of the developed applied software intended
for various types of rectangular cutting and orthogonal packing problems.
This work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science
of Russian Federation in the framework of the state task in the field of scientific activity of MGTU
«STANKIN» (No. 1.7706.2017/8.9).
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Simulation |
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Actor modeling |
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The tasks of priorities assignment to applications, work, actions and simply objects of activity are
decided long ago and in different ways. In purely technical systems, including computer and communication
systems, where serving processes can be programmed explicitly, such tasks are considered to
be practically solved, because: first, two counterprocesses are analyzed (the service process and the
waiting process), If the serving node is busy, and secondly, the time parameters are taked into account
mainly. In this case, as a rule, the waiting time for some classes of applications is minimized. However,
in schemes of multi-nomenclature productions, especially high technology products, the efficiency
of production or the production site depends not only on the direct losses of time, since delays can be
evaluated in a different way, taking into account the funding resources, urgency resources and even the
administrative resource. Therefore, clear rules and algorithms can become fuzzy, and the task of minimizing
losses is complicated. This article is devoted to the joint application of simulation modeling and
fuzzy logic algorithms in the tasks of priorities operational assignment for application in technological
hubs. Particular attention is paid to the development of a unified program function for fuzzy priorities
assignment in models created through the licensed software package Actor Pilgrim. The information
links of this program function with the internal atomic data structures of simulation model are also
considered. The considered models are intended for use in two-scale adaptive fuzzy control systems.
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Laboratory |
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Models and Methods |
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The article states an overview of some current problems in operational properties of agile systems
and their functioning and their relation to information technologies usage. Operational properties defined
as properties characterizing the adaptability of systems required for achieving the possible targets
during their operation. Reaching the possible targets means getting the possible effects (major
results) of the operation, complying with targets, and while under possible conditions. A conclusion
on the prospects of the analytical estimation of the operational properties is provided. The operational
properties of agile systems analytical research concept provided. The main features of the research
conducted on the operational properties in the view of the current tasks of their research are provided
as well as the analytical modeling concept and invariants for analytical estimation of the operational
properties applicable to the problems discussed. Example of modeling for effects of agile systems functioning
provided. The obtained results should lead to a solution for the contemporary problems of the
operational properties of agile systems research using mathematical models.
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The continuous development of computer technology opens more opportunities for its application
in creating smart and effective computer vision systems (VS), aimed at solving problems related to
digital image processing and object recognition.
VS is especially needed in the areas of science and technology requiring the use of contactless methods
for measuring various parameters of the objects. The main task for the improvement of VS is the
improvement of existing and development of new methods for facilitating the expansion of functionality
of these systems. The urgency and relevance of VS are considered on the example, which presents
a model of conducting aerial reconnaissance.
Tactical unmanned reconnaissance aircraft makes for the departure shot of a certain area. The shooting
is done at height and with the resolution necessary for confident recognition of targets like «tank»
or «car». The area of goals that you want to detect and recognize then on the received intelligence, is
very small compared to the whole area of the earth’s surface, entering the frame. It was found that on
analysis of the entire survey, by visual inspection of time you will need many times more than it spent
on its implementation. Thus, the main problem lies in the fact that the volume of intelligence information
obtained through imagery intelligence is huge and it requires considerable time for processing.
Expediting the processing of intelligence information is only possible by parallelization of the
processing and/or automation using the technical means like VS.
Accordingly, it is necessary to the development of contactless measurement methods based on the
methods and means aimed at the solution of similar tasks that require processing of large amount of
optical data over a short period or in real time.
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Instrumental methods of economics |
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The article is devoted to creation of IT-based tools in economic-mathematical models of management
of the interbudgetary regulation in the structure region — municipality. The object of control is
a budgetary Fund of the municipality. The complexity of behavior occurs due to the presence of many
modes of operation of the control object caused by a change in the structure of revenues in municipal
budgets at the expense of use of means of budgetary regulation. In this case, financial assistance can
be replaced by deductions to local budgets from federal and regional taxes on the norms that are set at
the regional level. The existence of various modes of operation is due to a change in the list of taxes,
part of the proceeds from which are transferred to the municipality according to established standards,
which are taken for structural conditions. To formalize the formulation of the problem of managing
interbudgetary regulation, the article proposes the principle of coordinate-structural control, which allows
one to take into account the variations of discrete structural states. A conceptual model of management
of interbudgetary regulation in the form of a complex of interacting dynamic systems is proposed:
continuous and discrete. A continuous dynamic system realizes control in the continual region
of the finite-dimensional space of income and expenditure and is constructed in a class of simulation
models. To formalize the functioning of a discrete dynamical system, a model of a stochastic automaton
functioning in random environments has been developed. The article proposes the structure of a
stochastic automaton with selective tactics. Formal expressions are obtained for the final probabilities
of an automaton in each of its states. The automaton of the proposed structure has the property of expediency
of behavior and asymptotic optimality in the choice of the norms for the distribution of taxes
between the levels of the budget system. The article presents the results of the software implementation
of the simulation model. The use of model tools in practice will make it possible to increase the degree
of validity of decisions taken on interbudgetary regulation by means of their quantitative assessment.
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Adoption of effective management decisions often involves the need to analyze large amounts of heterogeneous,
poorly structured and noisy information. Therefore, urgent task is creation the decision
support system, which allows elaborating rational strategy, even in the face of heterogeneous information,
and unsustainable trend. In article developed numerical method and algorithm of solving the
problem of approximation data by polynomial splines using minimax optimization criterion. By this
algorithm the decision support system for finite number of iterations obtains unambiguous result and
generates rational proposals to the decision maker.
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