articles
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№ 3(105)
16 june 2023 year
Rubric: Laboratory Authors: Trubin A., Aleksakhina S., Batishchev A., Mastyaev F. A., Zaytsev A. |
In this article, we design a user interface for a prototype desktop application using the capabilities of the author’s neural network for recognizing texts in Japanese written by one of the two Japanese alphabets – katakana or hiragana. During the design, the UML notation, a Use-Case Diagram, was used to build scenarios for using the program, and the BPMN notation was used to describe a program’s main algorithm. In the beginning of this article short versions of previous two articles were also given – the basics of proposed method for preprocessing of machine learning data and the main parameters of the proposed convolutional neural network model including its efficiency against reference model EfficientNetB0. In the work, the principles and the tool base for designing the interface of the software solution were defined, the scenarios for using the program, the algorithms of the program were designed, a prototype of the user interface was created. Continue... |
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| An inadequate diet can cause a number of illnesses with some of them posing major threats for humanity. Poor diet largely originates from behavioral and social issues rather than environmental factors. With simulation being a grand tool to analyze and address behavior issues, relatively few studies focus on computational modeling of nutrition at behavioural level. Furthermore, we have overviewed several popular approaches to computational modeling and simulating dietary decision-making and found no clear favorite. Further still, modelers rarely pay attention to one of the key behavioural factors – motivation. In the vast majority of models, either motivation is assumed to be exogenously given and, hence, is left out of the model, or motivation is not taken into account in any form, even though ignoring incentives significantly reduces adaptive capabilities of any human-like goal-directed model entity. We aimed to outline a modelling approach that would fit into the food choice topic and would improve on the available models. This implies offering an intelligible algorithm that would be easily applied to statistical data yet offering a depth of analysis despite its seeming simplicity. Thus, we present our view of the food choice simulation problem which employs eating incentives and an original choice mechanism that is different both from traditional maximizing approaches common to economics and artificial intelligence research and from the dominant psychological computational approaches. We outlined the programming conceptual algorithm that involves sequential incentive (which can result from the biological necessities, social, intellectual or spiritual needs alike) selection, incentive-foodstuff coupling (a relation can be either fixed or dynamic) and elimination of undesirable food options based on incentives ranking (qualitative ranking seems to be preferable over quantitative ranking, forasmuch as it resembles the way of thinking of a regular person more closely) supplemented by pseudocode segments. The algorithm suits agent-based simulation paradigm, yet it is not tied to it and can be fitted with other simulation approaches as well. The algorithm is supposed to be implemented in Java. Since the offered algorithm is conceptual it requires an implementation to bring about robust conclusions which is our goal to reach next. Continue... | |
| The article sets the task of analyzing existing research related to the information support of decision-making processes carried out by different authors in different periods of informatics and other information sciences’ development. The reviewed studies were initiated by various reasons and were carried out almost independently from each other. The authors of the article hope that the combination of these studies in one article will lead to the effect of emergence and will allow to set the task of creating a unified general-disciplinary science of information. The origins of the term “informatics” are considered, which have been arising independently; including F. E. Temnikov’s informatics as a complex science of information elements, information processes and information systems; informatics of A. I. Mikhailov – A. I. Сhernyj – R. S. Gilyarevskij as a science of scientific and technical information; informatics for secondary education of A. P. Ershov and its development into a type of informatics, called computing science in foreign works. It is stated that at present the original term introduced into the scientific literature by F. E. Temnikov has turned into the name of science of technical means and technologies for working with information, and while information is the basis for understanding and predicting the development of all spheres of human life and society, the theory of automated information and control systems and complexes’ design as well as the theory of scientific and technical information have been developing; there are studies focused on the formation of information science as a general discipline (e. g., Informetriya (Informetrics) of V. I. Gor’kova, Systemantics proposed by Yu. I. Shemakin). The conclusion is drawn about the need to rethink the essence and role of informatics, perhaps introducing a new term (for example, “applied informatics” which was preferred by the founder of the journal “Applied Informatics” A. A. Emelyanov). It could also be useful to consider the definition of informatics introduced by F. E. Temnikov, who divided the informatics into three strata “information elements – information processes – information systems”. In such a stratified structure, it will be possible to find a place for various concepts and types of informatics. It is also useful to rethink the concept of F. E. Temnikov that includes “systematics”, “informatics” and “intellectics”; F. E. Temnikov introduced the idea of the informatics’ development as the basis for intellectual processes and systems. The realization of this idea can be facilitated by the information theory of A. A. Denisov. An important contribution to the creation of the foundations for integrated information science was made by A. A. Emelyanov, who was one of the first to connect informatics with systems theory and computer simulation, developed the Actor Pilgrim simulation system, created the journal “Applied Informatics”, which discusses the problems of computing science development. The analysis of different publications allows the authors of this article to make a conclusion that the integral interdisciplinary science of information can be called “applied informatics”. Continue... | |
| The article deals with the cutting and packing problems of irregular shape objects, which consist in finding the most compact way to place a given set of objects of arbitrary geometry inside a certain limited space. These problems belong to the class of NP-hard discrete optimization problems for which there are no methods of polynomial complexity to obtain exact solutions, so in practice they are most often solved approximately using heuristic and metaheuristic optimization methods. When placing objects of irregular shape, it is additionally necessary to take into account the geometry of objects to determine the correctness of their placement relative to each other. Existing methods of analyzing the geometry of objects and the formed placement scheme, based on the use of phi-functions and the construction of a hodograph of a vector function of dense placement, theoretically provide the possibility of obtaining an accurate solution, but require the use of time-consuming methods of nonlinear optimization. Therefore, in order to increase the speed of packing a large number of irregular-shaped objects, their shape is transformed by voxelization, followed by combining the resulting set of voxels into orthogonal polyhedra. To improve the quality of the solutions obtained, the paper proposes a greedy heuristic for the placement of orthogonal polyhedra, which implements the choice of the best orientation option for the object being placed, in which the formed packing will be the densest in comparison with other available orientation options for this object. The analysis of the effectiveness of this greedy heuristic on the problems of irregular cutting and packing of three-dimensional objects is carried out. Computational experiments have shown that the proposed greedy heuristic provides very fast high-quality solutions. Additionally, the results of testing the greedy placement heuristics using a genetic algorithm to optimize solutions to the packing problem are presented. Continue... | |
| In the last decade, the introduction of artificial intelligence methods in industry has been accelerating. The development of deep learning algorithms and the emergence of the ability to store and process large amounts of information make it possible to quickly and efficiently automate tasks that previously could only be solved by people – employees of enterprises, and the results obtained not only correspond to human cognitive abilities, but often surpass them. An interesting example of a routine task that can be automated using computer vision methods is the task of segmenting stones on conveyors and warehouses of mining enterprises to ensure quality control of raw materials and finished products. The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm for segmenting stones on conveyors and warehouses. To achieve this goal, a brief historical review of approaches to solving the described problem was carried out, and a study was made of the application of the Mask R-CNN architecture to solving the problem of stone segmentation. The training dataset included 1000 augmented images from 100 crushed stone photos taken on a mining conveyor belt. The results obtained in the IoU metric exceeded 83 %, and in the Accuracy metric – 89 %, which provides high-quality automatic continuous visual quality control of raw materials or finished products. The resulting segmentation maps can serve as a good basis for determining granulometric characteristics, quality categories that are important in the mining industry, timely detecting flakiness on conveyors and segregation in finished product warehouses in real time. Continue... | |
| The relevance of the task of modeling human behavior posed in the article is associated with the need for active development of the economy, ensuring the involvement of an increasing proportion of the young population with higher and secondary specialized education. As a result of state incentives for business, more and more people are ready to receive higher education or continue to study at the next levels. When studying the processes of managing the social behavior of subjects, the “system of systems” (SoS) approach was used, within which various methods of modeling, simulation and analysis are developed and studied. The simulation is based on the multi-agent principle, the mechanism of which allows analyzing the behavior of the self-organization of an intelligent agent (social subject) and, if necessary, changing its behavior. The ideal approach for implementing the modeling of a multi-agent system (MAS) of the behavior of an agent is the evolutionary simulation methodology (ESM), which allows developing a set of interconnected optimization simulation models that implements the property of self-organization of intelligent agents. The basic principles of self-organization control are formulated, which is based on the theory of equilibrium random processes (RSP), which provides the possibility of influencing any available parameters and in any combination of them using ESM. The ways of adapting ESM in relation to modeling the process of social self-organization of a young person are considered, and a graphical interpretation of social development is proposed, two parameters are used as phase coordinates: social status and income level. Models of indirect methods of management, choice of the direction of development of a person’s career growth in the production management system based on dynamic programming have been developed. Examples of ESM implementation are given. Continue... |
