Journal of Applied Informatics

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Volkova V.

Degree	Doctor of Economics, Professor of Higher School of Cyber-Physical Systems and Control, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
E-mail	violetta_volkova@list.ru
Location	Saint Petersburg, Russia
Articles	On the notion of Information System Different automated information system classification schemes and management automation industry development history in various application fields are considered. A hierarchical definition of the term 'Information System' originated from system analyses theory and four strata information system structure concept are suggested. An example of applying the introduced approach to multilevel information system description is presented. Read more... Alexander Yakovlevich Saveliev On the 80th anniversary Article is devoted to the anniversary of outstanding scientist in the field of computerization of education, doctor of technical sciences, Prof. J. Saveliev, who stood at the origins of computer technology in education. Under his leadership a number of government projects on the automation of higher education in the Russian Federation have implemented. Being the Director of the Institute of Higher Education and the International Academy of Higher Education AY Saveliev is active involved in public education and training of the teaching staff activities. Read more... Contemporary natural sciences concepts: from physicalism to integral approach The author considers the content of a course "Contemporary natural sciences concepts. Unified contemporary natural sciences concept creation may take place on the base of system-dialectical and humanitarian-ethical concepts integral combination through the system approach development in theory of developing systems direction creation of consolidating ideas and methods of system theory, synergetic and informational approach. Read more... Information processes and Universe system organization Article about outstanding Russian scientist Yuri I. Shemakin and results of his versatile activities: from research into measuring methods for moving targets co-ordinates, aircraft torpedoes and winged rockets pointing at submarine targets, development forecast for different armament and fighting equipment class¬es to the scientific idea on Universe system organi¬zation semantic paradigm Read more... Cybernetics is the Precursor to Computer Science The publication is meant to hold Russian scien¬tists Aksel Berg and Leonid Kreismer in remembran¬ce. They were the pioneers of the Russian cyberne-tics who had made a valuable contribution to its de¬velopment. Many concepts developed by them have become the foundation of the modern theory of information. Read more... History and perspectives of informatics and directions of training «Applied informatics» This paper presents a historical overview of the process of formation and development of informatics, as well as the formation of concepts. Considered several options for treatment of the concept of «informatics» as a field of scientific knowledge. Recommendations are given for the construction of training programs for bachelor’s and master’s degrees in information technology, in particular, for periodic updating according with the development of concepts and technologies. Read more... On the 50th anniversary of the emergence of the term «informatics» in Russian Scientific literature In November 2013 marks the 50th anniversary of birth of the term «informatics» in Russian the scientific literature. Professor of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute Fedor E. Temnikov published the article “Informatics“ as a polemical notes. The informatics seemed to him as integral scientific discipline that consists of three parts: 1) the theory of information elements, and 2) information processes theory, and 3) information systems theory. Read more... Information models and automated procedures for innovation management The models for comparative analysis of innovation based on the use of information approach A. A. Denisov are proposed. The models may be used for evaluating the innovation effects regarding their impact on the achievement of the organization’s goals and feasability issues as well as for analyzing innovations development over time and taking into account their mutual influence. Read more... Information infrastructure development for multifunctional complex design control An approach to the development of information infrastructure for control the project of multifunctional complexes based on a multidimensional representation space design using methods and models for system analysis. Read more... Classification of information technologies Information technology (IT) is a set of methods, processes, tools and hardware that provide for the decision makers in the various fields of activity the ability to access any required information. Currently, there is no established classification IT. A variety of technologies are studied in different disciplines. At the same time, in order to help to navigate the variety of information technologies they need to be ordered in some way. This paper offers a multi-level classification of the IT based on the allocation to strata from the bottom up techniques, tools and equipment to the work with information depending on their degree of complexity — from the means of communication human with a computer, collection, storage, retrieval, different ways of processing information to the IT for extract the knowledge and to the emergence of new information as a result of the complex methods. The paper uses the information models of F. E. Temnikov and A. A. Denisov to describe the principles of the proposed classification. The hierarchical structure of the IT in this paper is presented within two levels of itemization — a general one which comprises the whole specter of the existing IT and a detailed one which consists of the second level technologies that are specific for every particular general technology branch. Read more... On the 110th anniversary of Fedor E. Temnikov The article is devoted to the 110th anniversary of prof. F. E Temnikov, one of the founders of the Soviet and Russian schools of informatics, centertechnics and systems engineering. These terms were introduced in Russian by F. E. Temnikov and entered in the history of the development of informatics and systems research in our country. Read more... F. E. Temnikov's contribution in the development of informatics The article presents the contribution of ideas in the development of informatics by soviet scientist F. E Temnikov (1906-1993), who was the first in 1963, used the term «informatics» in the domestic scientific literature. Temnikov’s project of informatics was different from the Western understanding of it as «information automatic» by K. Steinbuch (Germany), Ph. Dreyfus (France) and W. Bauer (USA). It suggested the creation of an integrated discipline, consisting of the theory of information elements, the theory of information processes and the theory of information systems. Information theory (mathematical theory of communication) was to be the theoretical foundation of informatics. The article reveals the essence of Temnikov’s approach to the creation of informatics, described and characterized by such ideas as informatics of higher systems, the triad «informatics — systematics — intellectic», «gene» of information system, ways of presenting information, evaluations (measures) of information and synchronous fields of communication. The authors emphasize the importance and potential of ideas by F. E. Temnikov today. Read more... Contribution of school «System analysis in engineering and control» in the development of informatics, information systems and technologies This article describes the main contribution of the school «System Analysis in Engineeromg and Control» to the development of informatics, the theory of information systems and technologies. The following results are briefly characterized: clarification of the notion of «information», the application of the definition of a system, which based on the system-target approach, to justify the multilevel structure of the information complex; the proposed classifications of information systems and technologies, the concept of virtual information system. The state of development of the theory of information systems and processes is analyzed. It is concluded that further research is needed on the development of the structure, patterns and principles of the creation and organization of the functioning of information systems based on the use of information technologies of the third and fourth industrial revolutions, improving the methods of information retrieval based on the semantic analysis of textual information on the basis of mathematical logic and mathematical linguistics in order to increase relevance. Read more... Development of information technologies and their emergence in concepts of cyberphysical syste In the near future, the development of industry based on the mutual penetration of industrial and information technologies is predicted. For large-scale industry, it is planned to widely introduce cyberphysical systems into factory processes, which are the result of further development of information technologies. At the same time, the introduction of innovative technologies can have both positive and negative effects on the activities of the enterprise (organization), and the task of managing the choice and introduction of new technologies arises, taking into account their features, capabilities, usefulness and consequences of implementation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the development of new technologies — Internet technologies, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, etc., and to substantiate the hypothesis about the possibility of using the concept of cyber-physical system as the basis for the emergent properties of technologies, that is, the emergence of new quality. The proposed concept can be considered as a means to resist undesirable results, since the Cyber-physical system, combining new technologies and the physical element (who make decisions on the selection and implementation of innovations), is developed not as separate technologies, but as a system, which the that involves the control of a complex of technologies, and one can hope that that the physical element, that is the person will retain the control functions. When developing models to analysis and control the choice of innovative technologies on creating cyber-physical systems for specific enterprises and organizations, it is proposed to use systems theory and systems analysis methods. Read more... Three substances of information: perception, essence, meaning The article characterizes and interprets the concepts introduced in the theory of the information field A.Denisov and the discrete version of this theory, which name– the informational approach to the analysis of systems: sensual information (perception information, element base, data), logical information (essence or information potential) and their logical intersection, which in theory A.Denisov corresponds to the category of information complexity, content, meaning. It is shown how these concepts arose in the theory of the information field as a result of two laws of reflection — sensory and logical, as they are interpreted in a discrete version of the theory. It is considered how the reflection of objects or processes goes through several stages. During their passage, the term “information” is used all the time, but until a more specific name of the perceived and / or transformed essence corresponding to a particular decision–making process is found. Understanding this process makes the available measures of information possible to more accurately use, as well as the mating terms “data (J) – concepts (H) –knowledge (C)”. Such approach allows to determine the measures which can be entered for measurement of the selected stages of information transformation based on deterministic and probabilistic approaches, choosing them taking into account specific objectives and the conditions of application of the theory of A.Denisov. Read more... Is it possible informatics as a unified general-disciplinary science? The article sets the task of analyzing existing research related to the information support of decision-making processes carried out by different authors in different periods of informatics and other information sciences’ development. The reviewed studies were initiated by various reasons and were carried out almost independently from each other. The authors of the article hope that the combination of these studies in one article will lead to the effect of emergence and will allow to set the task of creating a unified general-disciplinary science of information. The origins of the term “informatics” are considered, which have been arising independently; including F. E. Temnikov’s informatics as a complex science of information elements, information processes and information systems; informatics of A. I. Mikhailov – A. I. Сhernyj – R. S. Gilyarevskij as a science of scientific and technical information; informatics for secondary education of A. P. Ershov and its development into a type of informatics, called computing science in foreign works. It is stated that at present the original term introduced into the scientific literature by F. E. Temnikov has turned into the name of science of technical means and technologies for working with information, and while information is the basis for understanding and predicting the development of all spheres of human life and society, the theory of automated information and control systems and complexes’ design as well as the theory of scientific and technical information have been developing; there are studies focused on the formation of information science as a general discipline (e. g., Informetriya (Informetrics) of V. I. Gor’kova, Systemantics proposed by Yu. I. Shemakin). The conclusion is drawn about the need to rethink the essence and role of informatics, perhaps introducing a new term (for example, “applied informatics” which was preferred by the founder of the journal “Applied Informatics” A. A. Emelyanov). It could also be useful to consider the definition of informatics introduced by F. E. Temnikov, who divided the informatics into three strata “information elements – information processes – information systems”. In such a stratified structure, it will be possible to find a place for various concepts and types of informatics. It is also useful to rethink the concept of F. E. Temnikov that includes “systematics”, “informatics” and “intellectics”; F. E. Temnikov introduced the idea of the informatics’ development as the basis for intellectual processes and systems. The realization of this idea can be facilitated by the information theory of A. A. Denisov. An important contribution to the creation of the foundations for integrated information science was made by A. A. Emelyanov, who was one of the first to connect informatics with systems theory and computer simulation, developed the Actor Pilgrim simulation system, created the journal “Applied Informatics”, which discusses the problems of computing science development. The analysis of different publications allows the authors of this article to make a conclusion that the integral interdisciplinary science of information can be called “applied informatics”. Read more... Information field theory of A. A. Denisov – 50 years 50 years ago, in 1974, A. A. Denisov proposed a theory based on a dialectical generalization of the laws of functioning and development of systems of various physical natures, which he called the theory of the information field. The theory is based on the use of the apparatus of mathematical field theory to explain the laws of information reflection, which determined its name. Based on this theory, significant results were obtained for the study of motion control processes in continuous spatio-temporal and arbitrarily evolving situations. The use of this theory for the study of open distributed information systems seems promising. Subsequently, a discrete version of the theory was developed, which allows explaining the process of reflection and transformation of information and became the basis for the development of a number of practical applications, some of which are given in this article. This article characterizes the prerequisites for the emergence of this theory, the main ideas and concepts of the theory and its contribution that, over the 50 years, scientists and students united by the Scientific and Pedagogical School “System Analysis in Engineering and Control”, have made on the basis of this theory in the development systems theory, computer science and other sciences of systems. Information is provided on the application of A. A. Denisov’s ideas and the development of models for specific applications based on them. The authors of the article, including Anatoly Alekseevich’s students, was developing, appliing and are currently developing models of information theory of A. A. Denisov, proving the usefulness of theoretical knowledge for solving practical problems. Read more...